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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 42-48, jan.-fev. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1251321

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder that affects extremely premature infants and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in childhood. Objective: This study presents a review of Cochrane systematic reviews about ROP. Methods: We analyzed and summarized the results of all intervention, prevention and treatment, from Cochrane Systematic Reviews (SR) for ROP designed to the highest standard of rigor to show the current position and propose studies that are missing for decision making. Results: Eight SR were analyzed in this study, four in prophylaxis and four in treatment of ROP. The outcome 'Beneficial effect of oral beta-blockers on progression to stage 3 ROP but not to stage 2 ROP with plus disease or to stage 4 or 5 ROP was the only one that presented moderate evidence quality, all the others outcomes presented evidence quality floating from low to very low. Conclusion: There is a lack of studies showing the quality of evidence in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity, particularly in long-term outcomes after treatment in order to assess the impact and quality of life of these patients.


RESUMO Introdução: A retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) é um distúrbio vasoproliferativo da retina que afeta recém nascidos extremamente prematuros e é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível na infância. Objetivo: Este estudo apresenta uma revisão das revisões sistemáticas da Cochrane sobre ROP. Métodos: Analisamos e resumimos os resultados de todas as intervenções, prevenção e tratamento, das revisões sistemáticas (SR) da Cochrane para ROP, projetada com o mais alto padrão de rigor para mostrar a posição atual e propor estudos que estão faltando para a tomada de decisão. Resultados: Oito RS foram analisados neste estudo, quatro em profilaxia e quatro em tratamento de ROP. O efeito benéfico dos betabloqueadores orais na progressão para a ROP do estágio 3, mas não para a ROP da fase 2 com doença positiva ou para a ROP da fase 4 ou 5 foi o único que apresentou qualidade de evidência moderada, todos os outros resultados apresentaram qualidade de evidência flutuante de baixo a muito baixo. Conclusão: Faltam estudos demonstrando a qualidade das evidências no tratamento e prevenção da retinopatia da prematuridade, principalmente em desfechos em longo prazo após o tratamento, a fim de avaliar o impacto e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Quality of Life , Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Decision Making , Evidence-Based Practice
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(1): 122-130, feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092797

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La Retinopatía del Prematuro (RDP) es una alteración proliferativa de los vasos sanguíneos de la retina inmadura, que afecta principalmente a los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso (RNMBP) y de menor edad gestacional. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir a qué niño se debe efectuar la detección de esta enfermedad y analizar los recientes avances en su tratamiento. La detección de RDP está dirigida principalmente a los RNMBP y a < de 32 semanas de edad gestacional, pero también se ha propuesto un criterio según edad postmenstrual. Además de la fotocoagulación con láser, tratamiento estándar en la actualidad, se han desarrollado nuevas terapias, como los agentes anti factor de crecimiento vas cular endotelial (VEGF), que se han utilizado exitosamente en la retinopatía umbral, especialmente localizada en zona I, con menos efectos adversos y mejores resultados oculares a futuro. que la fo tocoagulación con láser. En los últimos años, se han realizado ensayos clínicos con propranolol oral como tratamiento de la RDP, principalmente en la etapa pre-umbral (etapa 2 o 3 en zona II ó III). Este bloqueador beta-adrenérgico puede prevenir la progresión de la retinopatía en RNMBP de etapa pre- umbral a umbral y/o evitar la necesidad de terapias invasivas, como la fotocoagulación con láser o la administración intravítrea de agentes anti-VEGF. La fotocoagulación con láser continúa siendo el tra tamiento de elección en la RDP. Los agentes anti-VEGF y el propranolol oral, evitarían la progresión de esta patología de etapa pre-umbral a umbral, y podrían complementar el tratamiento de la RDP.


Abstract: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative disorder of the blood vessels of the immature retina, which affects mainly very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBW). The objective of this review is to describe to which infant the screening examination of this disease should be performed and to analy ze the recent advances in the treatment of this disease, which have emerged in the last decade. The detection of this disease is mainly focused on VLBW infants and newborns < 32 weeks of gestational age. In addition to laser photocoagulation, standard treatment today, new therapies have appeared, such as the anti-VEGF agents, which have been successfully used in the threshold ROP, especially located in zone I. This therapy is less harmful than laser photocoagulation and with better ocular results in the future. In recent years, oral propranolol has been used as a treatment for ROP in clinical trials, mainly in the pre-threshold stage (stage 2 or 3 in zone II or III). This drug is a beta-adrenergic blocker that can prevent the progression of retinopathy in pre-threshold to threshold stage and/or avoid the need for invasive therapies, such as laser photocoagulation or intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents. Laser photocoagulation continues to be the standard treatment for ROP. New treatments have emerged for ROP, such as anti-VEGF agents and oral propranolol, which could pre vent the progression of this disease from the pre-threshold to the threshold stage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Infant, Premature , Treatment Outcome , Combined Modality Therapy , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Light Coagulation
3.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 25(3): 10-14, 21/12/2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046338

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O atraso neuropsicomotor acarreta em prejuízos no processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de habilidades gerais, dentre elas, a linguagem, e, pode estar associado com outros déficits, como a paralisia cerebral e a deficiência visual. Objetivo: Descrever a intervenção fonoaudiológica em um caso de uma deficiente visual com paralisia cerebral. Relato de caso: Criança de 2,5 anos, sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de distúrbio de linguagem associado a cegueira no olho direito e visão subnormal no olho esquerdo, causados por retinopatia da prematuridade e catarata congênita, em associação com encefalopatia (paralisia cerebral espástica diparética). Após o processo de avaliação fonoaudiológica, foi iniciada a intervenção em linguagem baseada no modelo sócio construtivista com foco na interação, expressão e compreensão da linguagem oral. Durante o processo de avaliação e reabilitação fonoaudiológica foram adaptados objetos concretos (reais), com textura diferenciada ao toque, e associados a sons verbais e não verbais, como recurso para a eliciação de resposta comunicativa. Após 14 sessões de terapia observou-se evolução do comportamento linguístico, com produção oral de palavras isoladas e frases simples com participação ativa na atividade dialógica e compreensão de ordens semicomplexas. Conclusão: Em pacientes com deficiência visual associada a paralisia cerebral, o uso e adaptação de pistas táteis e olfativas auxiliam na percepção e reconhecimento dos objetos, facilitando a intervenção fonoaudiológica.


Introduction:Neuropsychomotor developmental delay leads to losses in the acquisition and development of general abilities, among them language. It may be associated with other deficits, such as cerebral palsy and visual impairment. Objective: Describe the speech-language intervention in a case of a visually impaired person with cerebral palsy. Case report: A 2.5-year-old female was diagnosed with a language disorder associated with blindness in the right eye and subnormal vision in the left eye. The cause was retinopathy of prematurity and congenital cataract in association with encephalopathy (spastic cerebral palsy diphtheric). After speech-language evaluation process, intervention was started based on the socio-constructivist model, which focuses on the interaction, expression, and comprehension of oral language. During the process of evaluation and speech-language rehabilitation, concrete (real) objects with a texture that was differentiated to the touch and associated with verbal and non-verbal sounds were adapted as a resource for the elicitation of communicative response. We observed after 14 sessions of therapy, the evolution of linguistic behavior involving oral production of isolated words and simple sentences with effective participation in the dialogical activity and understanding of semi-complex orders. Conclusion: In patients with visual impairment associated with cerebral palsy, the use and adaptation of tactile and olfactory cues help in the perception and recognition of the objects, which facilitates the speech-language intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Vision Disorders/therapy , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/therapy , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy
4.
S. Afr. med. j. (Online) ; 107(3): 215-218, 2017. tab
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1271159

ABSTRACT

Background. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease affecting premature babies and a major cause of blindness in childhood. Appropriate screening and treatment can prevent blindness.Objective. To report on the efficacy of using antivascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab) as first-line therapy in ROP.Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with ROP treated at St John Eye Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, over a 3-year period. Outcome measures were the clinical response to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as well as the economic impact of IVB therapy.Results. Twenty-three patients were treated for active ROP or type 1 disease, in 44 eyes. Two patients required treatment in one eye only. The mean birth weight of these patients was 1 074 g (range 810 - 1 480). Response to treatment outcome was available for 22 patients (43 eyes). The mean follow-up period was 9 months (range 1 - 18). Forty-one eyes (95.3%) showed complete regression or non-progression of the disease. Two eyes (one eye each in two patients) progressed to advanced disease. There were no short-term adverse events. A cost-effective model showed that IVB treatment was much more economical than laser therapy.Conclusion. IVB is a safe and effective first-line treatment for ROP and should be considered in resource-limited centres


Subject(s)
Bevacizumab , Intravitreal Injections , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , South Africa
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(2): 96-99, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782811

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Comparison of laser therapy (LT) outcomes in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) followed up in our clinic and referred from other centers. Methods: Medical records of 1,856 ROP patients were retrospectively evaluated, and a total of 128 patients who underwent LT were included in the study. The study population was divided into the following two groups: patients who were followed up and treated in our clinic (group 1, N=45) and patients who were referred to our clinic from other centers (group 2, N=83). Data regarding birth weight, sex, gestational age, postnatal treatment time, disease localization, and stage were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Treatment success was defined by anatomic success 6 months after treatment. Results: Patients in the referred group presented with a more advanced disease (p<0.01), a lower treatment success rate (p=0.01), and a longer time interval between diagnosis and LT (p=0.04). Conclusions: The treatment success rate of ROP was significantly lower in referred patients because of the potential delay in LT and more advanced disease at the time of treatment initiation.


RESUMO Objetivos: A comparação dos resultados da terapia a laser (LT) em pacientes com retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) acompanhados em nossa clínica e encaminhados por outras clínicas. Método: Os arquivos de 1.856 pacientes com ROP foram analisados retrospectivamente e um total de 128 pacientes submetidos à LT foram incluídos no estudo. A população do estudo foi dividida em dois grupos; os pacientes que foram acompanhados e tratados em nossa clínica (grupo 1, n=45) e os pacientes que foram encaminhados à nossa clínica por outros centros (grupo 2, n=83). Os dados referentes a peso de nascimento, sexo, idade gestacional, tempo de tratamento pós-natal, localização e fase da doença foram analisados e comparados entre os grupos. O sucesso do tratamento foi definido pelo sucesso anatômico no sexto mês após o tratamento. Resultados: Pacientes no grupo de pacientes encaminhados apresentaram doença mais avançada (p<0,01), taxa de sucesso inferior (p=0,01) e maior intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e tratamento a laser (p=0,04). Conclusões: A taxa de sucesso do tratamento da ROP é significativamente menor em pacientes encaminhados por causa de possível atraso da LT e do estágio mais avançado da doença observado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Birth Weight , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Laser Coagulation/methods , Laser Therapy/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Gestational Age , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 36(1): 37-43, Jul. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721541

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the additional cost of incorporating the detection and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) into neonatal care services of Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: A deterministic decision-tree simulation model was built to estimate the direct costs of screening for and treating ROP in neonatal intensive-care units (NICUs), based on data for 869 preterm infants with birth weight less than 1 500 g examined in six governmental NICUs in the capital city of Rio de Janeiro, where coverage was 52% and 8% of infants were treated. All of the parameters from this study were extrapolated to Brazilian newborn estimates in 2010. Costs of screening and treatment were estimated considering staff, equipment and maintenance, and training based on published data and expert opinion. A budget impact analysis was performed considering the population of preterm newborns, screening coverage, and the incidence of treatable ROP. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: In Rio de Janeiro, unit costs per newborn were US$ 18 for each examination, US$ 398 per treatment, and US$ 29 for training. The estimated cost of ROP diagnosis and treatment for all at-risk infants NICUs was US$ 80 per infant. The additional cost to the SUS for one year would be US$ 556 640 for a ROP program with 52% coverage, increasing to US$ 856 320 for 80% coverage, and US$ 1.07 million or 100% coverage. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that providing ROP care is affordable within the framework of the SUS in Brazil, and might be feasible elsewhere in Latin America, considering the evidence of the effectiveness of ROP treatment and the social benefits achieved.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el costo adicional de incorporar la detección y el tratamiento de la retinopatía de la prematuridad (RP) en los servicios de atención neonatal del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) del Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se estableció un modelo de simulación determinístico en forma de árbol de decisión para calcular los costos directos del tamizaje y el tratamiento de la RP en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN), con base en los datos correspondientes a 869 lactantes prematuros con un peso al nacer inferior a 1 500 g examinados en seis UCIN gubernamentales de Rio de Janeiro, capital del estado del mismo nombre, donde la cobertura fue de 52% y se trató a un 7% de los lactantes. Todos los parámetros de este estudio se extrapolaron a los cálculos de recién nacidos brasileños correspondientes al año 2010. Se calcularon los costos de la detección y el tratamiento, teniendo en cuenta el personal, el equipo y la capacitación, con base en los datos publicados y la opinión de los expertos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de la repercusión presupuestaria considerando la población de recién nacidos prematuros, la cobertura del tamizaje y la incidencia de RP susceptible de tratamiento. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad en uno y dos sentidos. RESULTADOS: En Rio de Janeiro, los costos unitarios por recién nacido fueron de US$ 18 por cada examen, US$ 398 por tratamiento y US$ 29 por capacitación. El costo calculado del diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la RP en todos los lactantes en situación de riesgo de las UCIN fue de US$ 80 por lactante. El costo anual adicional para el SUS de un programa de RP con una cobertura de 52% sería de US$ 556 640, y ascendería a US$ 856 320 para una cobertura de 80%, y a US$ 1,07 millones si la cobertura fuera de 100%. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio indican que, teniendo en cuenta los datos probatorios de la eficacia del tratamiento de la RP y los beneficios sociales obtenidos, la prestación de asistencia a la RP es asequible en Brasil en el marco del SUS y podría ser factible en otros lugares de América Latina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Health Care Costs , Neonatal Screening/economics , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Brazil , Decision Trees , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Retinopathy of Prematurity/economics
8.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 26(2): 294-306, mayo.-ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695039

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de la retinopatía de la prematuridad en los nacidos con menos de 1 750 g o menos de 35 semanas de gestación. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo en el período comprendido de enero de 2005 a septiembre de 2010, en los servicios de neonatología de la provincia La Habana. Se estudió el total de recién nacidos vivos (207) con menos de 35 semanas de edad gestacional y un peso inferior a 1 750 g al nacer ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de este territorio. Resultados: el 42,8 por ciento correspondió con los nacidos entre las semanas 33 y 34,6, y un 42,8 por ciento con un peso entre 1 250 y 1 499 g. El 89,8 por ciento de los recién nacidos presentaron una retina inmadura y un 10,1 por ciento desarrolló retinopatía de la prematuridad. El 88,8 por ciento de los tratados con láser evolucionaron favorablemente. Conclusiones: la retinopatía de la prematuridad ha disminuido en los últimos años a pesar de que existe un incremento en el bajo peso al nacer y prematurez. La edad gestacional menor de 34,6 semanas, el peso al nacer menor de 1 500 g y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria fueron los factores más importante en la aparición de la retinopatía. Con el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad se trató oportunamente, logrando disminuir las secuelas y mejoría de la calidad de vida


Objective: to evaluate the behavior of retinopathy of prematurity in newborns weighing less than 1750 grams or with less than 35 weeks of gestation. Methods: a retrospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted in the neonatology service of La Habana province in the period of January 2005 to September 2010. A total number of 207 livebirths with less than 35 weeks of gestational age and weight under 1750 grams, who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive units of the territory, were studied. Results: in this group, 42.6 percent were newborns aging 33 to 34.6 weeks, and 42.8 percent weighing from 1250 to 1499 g. Immature retina was observed in 89.6 percent of newborns and 10.1 percent developed retinopathy of prematurity. Of these cases, 88.8 percent treated with laser had favorable recovery. Conclusions: retinopathy of prematurity has decreased in the last few years despite an increase of low birth weight and prematurity. The gestational age under 34.6 weeks, the weight less than 1500g and the respiratory distress syndrome were the most important factors in the occurrence of retinopathy. The early diagnosis of the disease allows prompt treatment and reduction of sequelae as well as improvement of their quality of life


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Blindness/prevention & control , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Risk Factors , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Laser Therapy/methods , Early Diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , Retrospective Studies
9.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 55-57, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-19705

ABSTRACT

A 6-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with symblepharon and lateral canthal deformity in both eyes, which developed 6 years ago. The patient was born at 27 weeks gestation. He had received cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. One month after cryotherapy, he developed a conjunctival scar with symblepharon in both eyes and underwent symblepharon lysis at another hospital 5 years prior. Ocular examination revealed an extensive conjunctival hypertrophic scar with symblepharon and limitation of extraocular movements. An excisional biopsy, lateral canthoplasty, and symblepharon lysis with conjunctival autograft from the contralateral eye were performed in the left eye. Histopathologic examination revealed diffuse proliferation and infiltration of collagenous tissue.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Biopsy , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Conjunctiva/pathology , Conjunctival Diseases/diagnosis , Cryotherapy/adverse effects , Diagnosis, Differential , Follow-Up Studies , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy
10.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Nov-Dec; 60(6): 577-578
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144929
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(4): 251-254, jul.-ago. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604172

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The outcomes of the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) seem to be better in inborn patients than in those patients who were referred for ROP treatment. This study aims to investigate the timing of treatment and the outcomes in inborn patients and in patients referred for treatment to the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: An institutional prospective cohort study was conducted from 2002 to 2010 and included in group 1 all inborn preterm neonates treated for retinopathy of prematurity and in group 2 all babies referred for treatment to the same institution. All of the included patients presented birth weight (BW) <1,500 g and/or gestational age (GA) <32 weeks. Main outcomes were postconceptional age at the treatment and one year follow-up outcomes in both groups. The considered variables were: BW, GA, stage and location of retinopathy of prematurity at treatment. RESULTS: Group 1 comprised 24 inborn patients. Mean BW and GA at birth were 918 ± 232 g and 28.2 ± 2.1 weeks, respectively, and median post-conceptional postconceptional age at treatment was 37 weeks. Group 2 comprised 14 infants transferred for treatment. Mean BW and GA at birth were 885 ± 188 g and 28.2 ± 2.4 weeks, respectively, and median postconceptional age at treatment was 39 weeks. Mean BW and GA were similar in both groups (P=0.654 and P=0.949, respectively), but the difference among the postconceptional age was significant (P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Inborn patients were treated for retinopathy of prematurity during the 37th week of postconceptional age while transferred patients were treated, usually, after the 39th week postconceptional age. The worst outcomes observed among referred patients could be partially explained by the delayed time for treatment.


OBJETIVOS: Os resultados do tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) parecem ser melhores em pacientes nascidos na mesma instituição onde o tratamento foi praticado do que naqueles pacientes transferidos para o tratamento em centros de referência. Este estudo tem como objetivos investigar o momento do tratamento e seus resultados em pacientes nascidos e em pacientes transferidos para o tratamento em uma mesma instituição. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte institucional e prospectivo conduzido de 2002 a 2010 e incluiu no grupo 1 todos os prematuros tratados para a retinopatia da prematuridade nascidos na instituição e no grupo 2 todos os prematuros tratados para a retinopatia da prematuridade transferidos para o tratamento. Todos os pacientes incluídos tinham peso de nascimento (PN) <1.500 gramas e/ou idade gestacional (IG) <32 semanas. As principais consideradas foram a idade pós-concepção (IPC) por ocasião do tratamento e os resultados do tratamento ao final do 1º ano de vida dos pacientes nos 2 grupos. As variáveis consideradas foram: peso de nascimento, idade gestacional, estadiamento e localização da retinopatia da prematuridade por ocasião do tratamento. RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 incluiu 24 prematuros nascidos na instituição. As médias do PN e da IG foram 918 ± 232 gramas e 28,2 ± 2,1 semanas, respectivamente. A mediana da idade pós-concepção ao tratamento foi de 37 semanas. O grupo 2 incluiu 14 pacientes transferidos para o tratamento. As médias do PN e da IG foram 885 ± 188 gramas e 28,2 ± 2,4 semanas, respectivamente. A mediana da idade pós-concepção ao tratamento foi de 39 semanas. As médias dp PN e da IG eram similares nos dois grupos (P=0,654 e P=0,949, respectivamente), mas a diferença entre a idade pós-concepção ao tratamento foi significativa entre os 2 grupos (P=0,029). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes nascidos na instituição foram tratados para a retinopatia da prematuridade durante a 37ª semana de idade pós-concepção enquanto os pacientes transferidos foram tratados após a 39ª semanas de idade pós-concepção em média. Os piores resultados do tratamento assim como do seguimento de um ano observados entre os pacientes do grupo 2 podem ser explicados, em parte, pelo tempo maior decorrido para o tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Patient Transfer/statistics & numerical data , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Age Factors , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(4): 279-282, jul.-ago. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604178

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência, sua classificação, descrição dos fatores de risco e tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) nos recém-nascidos. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo incluindo os recém-nascidos com idade gestacional <32 semanas e/ou peso <1.500 g internados na UTI neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU) durante o período de julho de 2005 a junho de 2007. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 148 pacientes. Em 66 (44,6 por cento) detectou-se a ROP; 82 (55,4 por cento) não apresentaram a doença. Os fatores de risco estatisticamente significantes foram: peso ao nascimento (p=0,0001), idade gestacional (p=0,0001), ventilação mecânica (p=0,0001), transfusão sanguínea (p=0,0001), persistência do canal arterial (PCA) (p=0,0001). Dos 66 prematuros com ROP, 77 por cento foram tratados clinicamente (acompanhamento com oftalmoscopia indireta) e 23 por cento necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico ou fotocoagulação a laser. CONCLUSÃO: Com base nos dados acima, a prevalência encontrada nesse estudo foi elevada. O desenvolvimento da ROP foi inversamente proporcional ao peso e à idade gestacional ao nascimento.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in newborns, classify the cases, describe the risk factors for disease and treatment. METHODS: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study including newborns with gestational age < 32 weeks and/or weight < 1,500 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU) during the period of July 2005 to June 2007. RESULTS: We analyzed 148 patients. In 66 (44.6 percent) ROP was detected; 82 (55.4 percent) showed no disease. The statistically significant risk factors were: birth weight (p=0.0001), gestational age (p=0.0001), mechanical ventilation (p=0.0001), blood transfusion (p=0.0001), and postconceptional age (PCA) (p=0.0001). Of the 66 premature infants with ROP, 77 percent were treated medically (follow-up with indirect ophthalmoscopy) and 23 percent required surgical treatment or photocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Based on the data above, the prevalence observed in this study was high. The development of ROP was inversely proportional to the weight and gestational age at birth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Hospitals, University , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy
14.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(6): 978-983, nov. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999300

ABSTRACT

La prematuridad extrema constituye un riesgo importante para la función visual, no sólo por los efectos potencialmente devastadores para el ojo de la retinopatía del prematuro, que puede llegar a la ceguera, sino porque se asocia además al desarrollo de miopía, estrabismo y déficit visual cerebral. A medida que sobreviven cada día prematuros más extremos por la mejoría del cuidado neonatal, estas patologías derivadas de la prematuridad aumentan en prevalencia en la población infantil. Hoy en día, la retinopatía del prematuro es la primera causa de ceguera infantil en los países en desarrollo como el nuestro. Aquellos niños que no quedan ciegos por ella, pueden presentar las otras complicaciones quedando con algún grado de déficit visual. La ceguera, o incluso limitación visual de un niño genera muchos más años de discapacidad que una catarata, un glaucoma o una maculopatía, patologías que se presentan en general en los últimos años de vida. Por esto, las patologías y secuelas oculares de la prematuridad deben ser pesquisadas y tratadas a tiempo, y así minimizar su proyección sobre la vida del niño y del adulto que llegará a ser. El propósito de este artículo es revisar las repercusiones de la prematuridad en la función visual


Extreme premature birth threatens visual function, not only because of Retinopathy of Prematurity's (ROP) potentially devastating effects on the eye, that can lead to blindness, not only because it can also be associated with myopia, strabismus and cerebral visual impairment. The increased survival of very low birth weight infants as neonatal care improves determines an increased incidence of these prematurity derived pathologies in infants. Nowadays, ROP is the leading cause of childhood blindness in median income countries like ours. Those premature infants that are not blinded by it can have its other sequelae with some degree of visual deficit. Childhood blindness, or even their visual limitation means many more years of disability than a cataract, glaucoma or a maculopathy that present late in life. For this reason, ocular pathologies associated with premature birth should be diagnosed and treated on time, and thus minimize their effect on the child and adult that he will eventually become. This article reviews repercussions of prematurity on visual function


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Astigmatism , Retinopathy of Prematurity/physiopathology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Anisometropia , Strabismus , Neonatal Screening , Myopia
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 108(2): 136-140, abr. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548756

ABSTRACT

La retinopatía del prematuropuede conducir a pérdida parcial de la visión y ceguera; la fotocoagulación con láser es el tratamiento electivo, aunque aún no está garantizado el acceso universal a él en la Argentina.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de niños que requirieron tratamiento con láser por retinopatía,sus características clínico-demográficas, lugar de procedencia y tratamiento.Población, material y método. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Población: recién nacidos prematuros que requirieron tratamiento en servicios públicos durante 2008.Variables: peso y edad gestacional al nacer, pronóstico, casos inusuales y oportunidades perdidas.Fuente: 27 Servicios públicos de 18/24provincias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Retinopathy of Prematurity/complications , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Laser Therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , Retrospective Studies
16.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2009 Aug; 76(8): 801-804
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-142343

ABSTRACT

Objective. To describe the characteristics of babies with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) attending a tertiary referral eye hospital in South India. Methods. Data on consecutive preterm infants with severe ROP presenting between July 2002 and October 2007 were retrieved from medical records. Severe ROP was defined as high risk prethreshold disease or worse. Results. 144 babies with severe ROP were divided into two groups: group 1 had high risk prethreshold or threshold ROP while group 2 had stages 4 or 5 ROP. The overall mean gestational age was 30.7 weeks (range 25–35 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 1410 g (range 650–2310 g). Most babies had received unmonitored supplemental oxygen (ascertained through discussion with the treating pediatricians). Conclusion. More bigger and mature babies are developing severe ROP in South India than in industrialized countries. The characteristics of babies affected are similar to those seen during the first epidemic of ROP which occurred during the 1950s in Europe and North America. Guidelines on oxygenation and screening policies should be jointly developed by pediatricians and ophthalmologists to end this epidemic of avoidable blindness in India.


Subject(s)
Female , Gestational Age , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(5): 875-883, set.-out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM, BVSAM, BVSAM | ID: lil-470111

ABSTRACT

A retinopatia da prematuridade é uma das principais causas de cegueira na infância, havendo cerca de 50.000 crianças cegas pela doença em todo o mundo. A deficiência visual causada pela retinopatia dá-se em função de descolamento de retina tracional. O exame de rotina de prematuros possibilita a identificação de formas graves da doença, cujo tratamento por fotocoagulação ou crioterapia pode reduzir significativamente a cegueira por retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP). A seguir serão apresentadas as diretrizes brasileiras para exame de prematuros e tratamento daqueles com a forma grave da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP), recomendadas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica. Essas diretrizes foram baseadas nos resultados do I Workshop de Retinopatia da Prematuridade e apresentam os atributos para a implementação de um programa eficiente de diagnóstico e tratamento.


Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the main causes of childhood blindness. Worldwide, there are more than 50,000 children blind due to retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment is a consequence of retinal detachment. It can be detected by serial ophthalmologic examination of infants at risk, and those identified with the severe form of the disease can be treated by laser or cryotherapy, which can decrease significantly the blindness due to ROP. The Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology and Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology suggest a guideline for the detection and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in Brazil. This document was based on the results of the I Workshop of Retinopathy of Prematurity and presents the attributes for the implementation of an efficient diagnostic and treatment program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Vision Screening/methods , Brazil , Infant, Premature , Societies, Medical
18.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-685674

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This paper aims to evaluate the overall incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the rate of treatment in severe ROP, and the six-month outcomes in all preterm infants screened for ROP at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, between October 2002 and October 2006, Methods: A prospective cohort study included all premature children born with birth weight *1,500 grams or a gestational age at birth *32 weeks. All patients were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy between the 4th and the 6th week of life. The examinations were repeated depending on the disease classification according the International Classification of ROP. Results: Three hundred-twenty-two preterm infants were included in this study. ROP occurred in 82 infants (25.5%). Severe ROP occurred in 18 patients (5.6%). Seventeen of these were treated by diode laser photocoagulation. Three of the treated children needed a second laser session. One patient of the re-treated group needed scleral buckling surgery with an equatorial silicon band after progression for stage 4 of ROP. One patient missed the opportunity for laser and the disease progressed to stage 5 of ROP and blindness. Conclusions: The incidence of retinopathy at our institution was similar to international results as well the as percentage of severe disease needing treatment. Laser photocoagulation was effective to stabilize the disease among 17 treated patients


Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência geral da Retinopatia da Prematuridade (ROP) e a incidência da ROP em forma severa necessitando tratamento, assim como a evolução aos seis meses de idade nos nascidos pretermo admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre outubro de 2002 e outubro de 2006. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, incluindo todos os pretermos com peso de nascimento *1.500 gramas ou com idade gestacional *32 semanas que sobreviveram até o momento do exame oftalmológico inicial. Todos foram examinados por oftalmoscopia binocular indireta entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana de vida com reavaliações periódicas de acordo com os achados baseados na Classificação Internacional da ROP. Resultados: A ROP afetou 82 pacientes (25,5%). A doença severa necessitando tratamento ocorreu em 18 pacientes (5,6%). Dezessete pacientes realizaram tratamento de fotocoagulação por laser diodo. Três das crianças tratadas necessitaram uma segunda sessão de tratamento. Um dos pacientes re-tratados evoluiu com progressão necessitando cirurgia de retinopexia com banda de silicone epi-escleral. Um paciente perdeu a oportunidade do tratamento e desenvolveu cegueira total bilateral. Conclusões: A incidência da doença bem como o percentual de crianças necessitando tratamento na instituição foi similar ao encontrado em outros centros internacionais. O tratamento foi eficiente para estabilizar e evitar a progressão para cegueira em 17 pacientes admitidos no hospital durante o período do estudo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Retinopathy of Prematurity/pathology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(1,supl): s95-s100, mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406276

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar conceitos do desenvolvimento visual e principais alterações oculares do recém-nascido prematuro. Salientar a importância do exame oftalmológico preventivo e tratamento precoce das doenças oculares. FONTE DOS DADOS: Dados de literatura. SíNTESE DE DADOS: A visão é um dos mais importantes sentidos no desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo normal da criança. Em recém-nascido prematuro, as funções visual, motora e cognitiva, quando comparadas às de crianças de termo em idade escolar, são prejudicadas. Isto se deve mais à imaturidade do sistema nervoso central do que a lesões localizadas em estruturas oculares e/ou corticais. A retinopatia da prematuridade, o estrabismo e os erros de refração são as principais alterações oftálmicas secundárias à prematuridade descritas na literatura. A retinopatia da prematuridade é uma das principais causas de cegueira prevenível na infância. Calcula-se que, em média, 562 crianças fiquem cegas por ano no Brasil, um custo socioeconômico alto, principalmente por se tratar de uma doença passível de tratamento. Muito pode ser feito pela criança com deficiência visual; programas de estimulação visual precoce permitem que a criança possa ter uma integração maior com seu meio. CONCLUSÕES: Recomenda-se que todo recém-nascido prematuro com p < 1.500g e/ou idade gestacional < 32 semanas deva ser avaliado até a completa vascularização da retina, sendo o primeiro exame realizado entre a quarta e a sexta semana de vida. Recomendamos o segmento ambulatorial de todo recém-nascido prematuro, mesmo os que não desenvolveram retinopatia da prematuridade, semestralmente até os 2 anos e, a seguir, anualmente, com a finalidade de prevenir a ambliopia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Vision, Ocular/physiology , Eye Diseases/therapy , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/physiopathology
20.
Acta méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 26: 208-217, 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-422601

ABSTRACT

Os autores fazem uma revisão sobre Retinopatia da Prematuridade (ROP), abordando diagnóstico, classificação, prevenção de doença, seguimento de casos e particularidades de seu tratamento


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Retinopathy of Prematurity/classification , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control , Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy , Hyperoxia , Infant, Premature
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